HIV-1-infection Affects Periodontal Clinical Parameters
 

Lucio Souza Goncalves, Fabio Vidal, Rodrigo Carvalho de Sousa, Amanda Rachel Coelho Ferreira, Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira

Estacio de Sa University

 

Abstract

Objective. To estimate the effect of HIV-1-infection (HIV-1-i) on the diagnosis of periodontitis and the periodontal clinical parameters.

 

Methods. Two hundred and seven individuals receiving treatment at the School of Dentistry, Estacio de Sa University, were recruited: 74 HIV-1-infected and 133 non-HIV-1- infected. One hundred and ten had periodontitis and 97 did not. The effect of "HIV-1-i" on the diagnosis of periodontitis (0 = "no" and 1 = "yes") and periodontal clinical parameters [BOP (0 = "<10%" and 1 = "2: 10%", PPD (0 = ":5 3 mm" and 1 = "> 3 mm") and CAL (0 =":5 2 mm" and 1 = "> 2 mm") were estimated using binary logistic regression models. 

 

Results. All HIV-1-infected patients were on HAART and most had HIV-1 plasmatic viral load range 0 -1000 copies/ml [n = 21 (58.3%)]. T CD4 lymphocytes range 200-400 cells/mm3 was observed in 47.5% (n = 19) of HIV-1-infected individuals. The univariate logistic regression (unadjusted), "HIV-1-i" did not show a significant effect on the diagnosis of periodontitis. The variables "HIV-1-i" (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.47-6.00) and "age" [range 36-50 years old (OR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.71-6.72); > 50 years old (OR = 4.83, 95% CI: 1.75 - 13.29)] showed an effect on the "BOP" outcome in the multivariable regression model (adjusted). The "CAL" outcome was not impacted by the "HIV-1-i" variable. The variables "smoking" (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.29 - 7.03) and "age" [range 36- 50 years old (OR = 5.45, 95% CI: 1.72-17.30) had a direct effect on "PBS", while "HIV-1-i" presented an inverse effect (OR = 0.055; 95% CI: 0.12-0.25).

 

Conclusion. HIV-1-infection does not affect the diagnosis of periodontitis. Regarding periodontal clinical parameters, HIV-1-infection demonstrates a direct effect on BOP and an inverse effect on PPD, but not on CAL.

Key words: HIV-infection, periodontitis, bleeding on probing